Module os

Abort the interpreter immediately. This 'dumps core' or otherwise fails in the hardest way possible on the hosting operating system.

Returns: does not return!

Use the real uid/gid to test for access to a path. Note that most operations will use the effective uid/gid, therefore this routine can be used in a suid/sgid environment to test if the invoking user has the specified access to the path. The mode argument can be F_OK to test existence, or the inclusive-OR of R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK.

Returns: True if granted, False otherwise

Execute an executable path with arguments, replacing current process.

    path: path of executable file
    args: tuple or list of strings

Execute a path with arguments and environment, replacing current process.

    path: path of executable file
    args: tuple or list of arguments
    env: dictionary of strings mapping to strings

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args, replacing the current process. args may be a list or tuple of strings.

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH) with argument list args and environment env , replacing the current process. args may be a list or tuple of strings.

Change to the directory of the given file descriptor. fildes must be opened on a directory, not a file.

Fork a child process. Return 0 to child process and PID of child to parent process.

Returns: pid

Fork a new process with a new pseudo-terminal as controlling tty.

Like fork(), return 0 as pid to child process, and PID of child to parent. To both, return fd of newly opened pseudo-terminal.

Returns: (pid, master_fd)

Return the configuration limit name for the file descriptor fd. If there is no limit, return -1.

Returns: integer

Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist. The optional second argument can specify an alternate default.

Set file flags. This function will not follow symbolic links.

Change the access permissions of a file. If path is a symlink, this affects the link itself rather than the target.

Change the owner and group id of path to the numeric uid and gid. This function will not follow symbolic links.

Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory.

    path: path of directory to list

The list is in arbitrary order.  It does not include the special
entries '.' and '..' even if they are present in the directory.

Returns: list_of_strings

Set the current position of a file descriptor. Return the new cursor position in bytes, starting from the beginning.

Returns: newpos

Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones. Works like mkdir, except that any intermediate path segment (not just the rightmost) will be created if it does not exist. This is recursive.

Create a filesystem node (file, device special file or named pipe) named filename. mode specifies both the permissions to use and the type of node to be created, being combined (bitwise OR) with one of S_IFREG, S_IFCHR, S_IFBLK, and S_IFIFO. For S_IFCHR and S_IFBLK, device defines the newly created device special file (probably using os.makedev()), otherwise it is ignored.

Return the configuration limit name for the file or directory path. If there is no limit, return -1.

Returns: integer

Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd' may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd' is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If 'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout) are returned.

Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd' may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd' is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If 'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout, child_stderr) are returned.

Execute the shell command 'cmd' in a sub-process. On UNIX, 'cmd' may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to the program without shell intervention (as with os.spawnv()). If 'cmd' is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with os.system()). If 'bufsize' is specified, it sets the buffer size for the I/O pipes. The file objects (child_stdin, child_stdout_stderr) are returned.

Super-rmdir; remove a leaf directory and all empty intermediate ones. Works like rmdir except that, if the leaf directory is successfully removed, directories corresponding to rightmost path segments will be pruned away until either the whole path is consumed or an error occurs. Errors during this latter phase are ignored -- they generally mean that a directory was not empty.

Super-rename; create directories as necessary and delete any left empty. Works like rename, except creation of any intermediate directories needed to make the new pathname good is attempted first. After the rename, directories corresponding to rightmost path segments of the old name will be pruned until either the whole path is consumed or a nonempty directory is found.

Note: this function can fail with the new directory structure made if you lack permissions needed to unlink the leaf directory or file.

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the specified environment. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from args in a subprocess with the supplied environment. If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process. If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally; otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it.

Returns: integer

Determine whether os.[lf]stat represents time stamps as float objects. If newval is True, future calls to stat() return floats, if it is False, future calls return ints. If newval is omitted, return the current setting.

Returns: oldval

Return a unique name for a temporary file. The directory and a prefix may be specified as strings; they may be omitted or None if not needed.

Returns: string

utime(path, (atime, mtime)) utime(path, None)

Set the access and modified time of the file to the given values. If the second form is used, set the access and modified times to the current time.

Directory tree generator.

For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), yields a 3-tuple

    dirpath, dirnames, filenames

dirpath is a string, the path to the directory.  dirnames is a list of
the names of the subdirectories in dirpath (excluding '.' and '..').
filenames is a list of the names of the non-directory files in dirpath.
Note that the names in the lists are just names, with no path components.
To get a full path (which begins with top) to a file or directory in
dirpath, do os.path.join(dirpath, name).

If optional arg 'topdown' is true or not specified, the triple for a
directory is generated before the triples for any of its subdirectories
(directories are generated top down).  If topdown is false, the triple
for a directory is generated after the triples for all of its
subdirectories (directories are generated bottom up).

When topdown is true, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place
(e.g., via del or slice assignment), and walk will only recurse into the
subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be used to prune the
search, or to impose a specific order of visiting.  Modifying dirnames when
topdown is false is ineffective, since the directories in dirnames have
already been generated by the time dirnames itself is generated. No matter
the value of topdown, the list of subdirectories is retrieved before the
tuples for the directory and its subdirectories are generated.

By default errors from the os.listdir() call are ignored.  If
optional arg 'onerror' is specified, it should be a function; it
will be called with one argument, an os.error instance.  It can
report the error to continue with the walk, or raise the exception
to abort the walk.  Note that the filename is available as the
filename attribute of the exception object.

By default, os.walk does not follow symbolic links to subdirectories on
systems that support them.  In order to get this functionality, set the
optional argument 'followlinks' to true.

Caution:  if you pass a relative pathname for top, don't change the
current working directory between resumptions of walk.  walk never
changes the current directory, and assumes that the client doesn't
either.

Example:

import os
from os.path import join, getsize
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'):
    print root, "consumes",
    print sum([getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files]),
    print "bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files"
    if 'CVS' in dirs:
        dirs.remove('CVS')  # don't visit CVS directories

confstr_names

Value:

{'CS_PATH': 1, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS': 20, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS': 21, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS': 22, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32_LINTFLAGS': 23, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS': 24, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS': 25, 'CS_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS': 26, ...

environ

Value:

{'TMP': '/Users/Shared/workspace/Nuke_11.2v1_build/650959ad/FnTempFile s', 'nuke_r_2018_0714': '98fa8f582b6ce9ae041c55e54e5253024b18125d0f14e fe0387835cc3183d886c7dc47737701b14b47f4dbe947a604cc3b7296eb9624cd1b9bc df0b88918ce7d05091a3a7eb67437f7607a0836aac12775233e473c6b8908674814acc d2ae176899ac0653d91bc5116c9762d5b79fc848a0621a5a64e16af4384ad589d8dc52 7', 'NUKE_TEMP_DIR': '/Users/Shared/workspace/Nuke_11.2v1_build/650959 ad/FnTempFiles/nuke', 'TEMP': '/Users/Shared/workspace/Nuke_11.2v1_bui ld/650959ad/FnTempFiles', 'SHLVL': '1', 'PATHOSX': '/usr/local/bin:/us ...

pathconf_names

Value:

{'PC_ASYNC_IO': 17, 'PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED': 7, 'PC_FILESIZEBITS': 18, 'PC_LINK_MAX': 1, 'PC_MAX_CANON': 2, 'PC_MAX_INPUT': 3, 'PC_NAME_MAX': 4, 'PC_NO_TRUNC': 8, ...

sysconf_names

Value:

{'SC_2_CHAR_TERM': 20, 'SC_2_C_BIND': 18, 'SC_2_C_DEV': 19, 'SC_2_FORT_DEV': 21, 'SC_2_FORT_RUN': 22, 'SC_2_LOCALEDEF': 23, 'SC_2_SW_DEV': 24, 'SC_2_UPE': 25, ...